History of Gold

	History Of Gold As a Metal
4000 BC	Gold is first known to be used in parts of Central and Eastern Europe.
3000	The Egyptians master the arts of beating gold into leaf and alloying gold with other metals to achieve variations in hardness and color. They also develop the ability to cast gold, using the lost-wax technique still used in today's jewelry industry. The Sumer civilization of southern Iraq uses gold to creat a wide range of jewelry, often using sophisticated and varied styles still worn today.
2500	Gold jewelry is buried in the Tomb of Djer, the king of the First Egyptian Dyanisty, at Abydos, Egypt.
1500	The immense, gold-bearing regions of Nubia make Egypt a wealthy nation, as gold becomes the recognized standard medium of exchange for international trade. The Shekel, a coin originally weighing 11.3 grams of gold, is used as a standard unit of measure throughout the Middle East. The coin contained a naturally occurring alloy called electrum, which was approximately two-thirds gold and one-third silver.
1352	The young Egyptian King Tutankhamun is interred in a pyramid tomb laden with gold, his remains laid in an extravagant gold anthropoid sarcophagus.
1350	The Babylonians begin to use fire assay to test the purity of gold.
1091	Squares of gold are legalized in China as a form of money.
560	The first coins made purely from gold are minted in Lydia, a kingdom of Asia Minor.
58	Julius Caesar seizes enough gold in Gaul (France) to repay Rome's debts.
50	The Romans issue a gold coin called the Aureus.
600-699 AD	The Byzantine Empire resumes gold mining in central Europe and France, an area undeveloped since the fall of the Roman Empire. Artisans of the period produce intricate gold artifacts and icons.
1100	Venice secures its position as the world's leading gold bullion market due to its location astride the trade routes to the east.
1284	Venice introduces the gold Ducat, which soon becomes the most popular coin in the world, and remains so for more than five centuries. Great Britain issues its first major gold coin, the Florin, which is followed by the Noble, the Angel, the Crown, and the Guinea.
1511	King Ferdinand of Spain sends explorers to the Western Hemisphere with the command to "get gold."
1717	Isaac Newton, Master of the London Mint, sets price of gold that lasts for 200 years.
1787	First US gold coin is struck by Ephraim Brasher, a goldsmith.
1792	The Coinage Act places the young United Sates on a bimetallic silver/gold standard, defining the U.S. Dollar as equivalent to 24.75 grains of fine gold, and 371.25 grains of fine silver.
1803	North Carolina site of first US gold rush. The state supplies all the domestic gold coined for currency by the US Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
1848	The California gold rush begins when James Marshall finds specks of gold in the water at John Sutter's sawmill near the junction of the American and Sacramento Rivers.
1850	Edward Hammong Hargraves, returning from California, predicts he will find gold in Australia within one week. He discovers gold in New South Wales within one week of landing.
1859	The Comstock Lode of gold and silver is discovered in Nevada. As a result, Nevada is made a state five years later.
1886	George Harrison, while digging stones to build a house, discovers gold in South Africa.
1887	Glasgow doctors, Robert and William Forrest, and chemist John S. MacArthur patent the process for extracting gold from ore using cyanide.
1896	Two prospectors discover gold while fishing in the Klondike River in northern Canada, richer finds were rumored farther south in Alaska's Yukon, spawning the Alaska Gold Rush in 1898 -- the last gold rush of the century.
1900	US adopts the gold standard for its currency.
1903	The Engelhard Corporation introduces an organic medium to print gold on surfaces. First used for decoration, the medium becomes the foundation for microcircuit printing technology.
1922	King Tutankhamun's tomb (1352 BC) opened to reveal a 2,448 lb. gold coffin and hundreds of gold and gold-leafed objects (including the mask pictured at the beginning of this section).
1927	A Medical study in France proves gold to be valuable in treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
1933	President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans the export of gold, halts the convertibility of dollar bills into gold, orders US citizens to hand in all the gold they possess and establishes a daily price for gold.
1934	Roosevelt fixes price of gold at $35 per ounce.
1935	Western Electric Alloy #1 (69% gold, 25% silver and 6% platinum) finds universal use in all switching contacts for AT&T telecommunications equipment.
1944	The Bretton Woods agreement sets an international gold exchange standard and creates two new international organizations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Band. The new standard sets par values for currencies in terms of gold and obligates member countries to convert foreign offical holdings of their currencies into gold at these par values.
1947	The first transistor, the building block for electronics, is assembled at AT&T Bell Laboratories. The device uses gold contacts pressed into a germanium surface.
1960	The laser is invented using gold-coated mirrors to maximize infrared reflection.
1961	Modern-day mining begins in Nevada's Carlin Trend, ultimately making Nevada the nation's largest gold-mining state.
1968	Intel introduces a microchip with 1,024 transistors connected by gold circuits. On March 15, central banks give up fixed price of gold at $35 per troy ounce and let it free float.
1969	Gold coated visors protect the astronauts' eyes from searing sunlight on the moon (Apollo 11 moon landing).
1970	The charged coupled device is invented, using gold to collect electrons generated by light, eventually used in hundreds of military and civilian devices, including video cameras.
1971	The colloidal gold marker system is introduced by Amersham Corporation of Illinois. Tiny spheres of gold are used in health research laboratories worldwide to mark or tag specific proteins to reveal their function in the human body for the treatment of disease.
1973	The U.S. Dollar is removed from gold standard, and gold prices are allowed to float free. By June, the market for gold in London reaches more than $120 per ounce.
1974	On December 31, US government ends its ban on individual ownership of gold.
1976	The Gold Institute is established in Washington, D.C., to promote the common interests of the gold industry by providing statistical data and other relevant information to its members, the media, government, and the public.
1980	Gold reaches intra-day historic high price of $870 on January 21 in New York.
1986	Gold-coated compact discs are introduced.
1987	Airbags are introduced for cars, using gold contacts for reliability.
1996	The Mars Global Surveyor is launched with an on-board gold-coated parabolic telescope-mirror that will generate a detailed map of the entire Martian surface over a two-year period.
1997	Congress passes Taxpayers Relief Act, allowing US Individual Retirement Account holders to buy gold bullion coins and bars for their accounts as long as they are of a fineness equal to, or exceeding, 99.5 percent gold.
1999	The Euro, a pan-European currency, is introduced, backed by a new European Central Bank holding 15 percent of its reserves in gold.
2000	Astronomers at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii use the giant gold-coated mirrors of the observatory's twin telescopes to produce the most detailed images of Neptune and Uranus ever captured.


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Reasons for the Jewellery Many reasons for the Jewellery has been used such as Currency, Artistic display, Wealth display, Storage, and Status. Other reasons are: Functional use - There are many items of Jewellery which are originated as purely functional items but evolved into decorative items as their functional requirement diminished, these items are brooches and buckles. Symbolism - Jewellery can also be symbolic of group membership. As in the case of the Christian crucifix or Jewish Star of David, or of status, as in the case of chains of office, or the Western practice of married people wearing a wedding ring. Protection - Wearing of amulets and devotional medals to provide protection or ward off evil is common in some cultures; these may take the form of symbols - such as the ankh, stones, plants, animals, body parts - such as the Khamsa, or glyphs - such as stylized versions of the Throne Verse in Islamic art. Keeping large amounts of wealth stored in the form of Jewellery in most cultures. And Jewellry used to create Jewellery as a means to store or display coins or in the form of wedding dowries in numerous cultures. The color is the greatest difference in the metals The color is the greatest difference in the metals. The elements which include over one hundred known minerals are a diverse class when taken as a whole. The non metals are extremely diverse. Due to the diversity of the non metals subclass there is most of this diversity. The non-metals include some elements known as semi-metals who share some properties with metals but differ in other characteristics. The hardest mineral known to man is from this subclass, as well as one of the softest. The Metals Subclass and related metal alloys contains metals whose properties are rather similar due to the common way in which they crystallize and bond. Information about Silver Jewellery Silver Jewelry can be found at every place and it is classified as precious or it can be non-precious. It could be any style piece from a necklace to earrings to a brooch to a bracelet. Some silver Jewellery can have precious and semi-precious stones. But, for the most part, it is all about the collector and what they personally like to collect. These types of ornaments are mostly marked. Many different collectors create and maintain a person website describing what they personally collect and enjoy. The non-precious style is known as costume Jewellery. This antique term should only apply to pieces that are, at the very least 50 years old or more. Another aspect that well will discuss is the fake Jewellery aspects. Up to the costume Jewellery is concerned many collectors have sprung onto the collecting scene in recent days.

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